Subject(s)
Humans , Telemedicine , Remote Consultation , COVID-19 , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , Mobile Health UnitsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study presents the cardiology referral model adopted at the University of São Paulo-Hospital das Clínicas complex during the initial period of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, main reasons for requesting a cardiologic evaluation, and clinical profile of and prognostic predictors in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: In this observational study, data of all cardiology referral requests between March 30, 2020 and July 6, 2020 were collected prospectively. A descriptive analysis of the reasons for cardiologic evaluation requests and the most common cardiologic diagnoses was performed. A multivariable model was used to identify independent predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19. RESULTS: Cardiologic evaluation was requested for 206 patients admitted to the ICHC-COVID. A diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed for 180 patients. Cardiologic complications occurred in 77.7% of the patients. Among these, decompensated heart failure was the most common complication (38.8%), followed by myocardial injury (35%), and arrhythmias, especially high ventricular response atrial fibrillation (17.7%). Advanced age, greater need of ventilatory support on admission, and pre-existing heart failure were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: A hybrid model combining in-person referral with remote discussion and teaching is a viable alternative to overcome COVID-19 limitations. Cardiologic evaluation remains important during the pandemic, as patients with COVID-19 frequently develop cardiovascular complications or decompensation of the underlying heart disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiology , COVID-19 , Referral and Consultation , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize variables associated with referral to the emergency department following Telemedicine consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective study conducted between March and May 2020, with a sample of 500 adult patients. The inclusion criterion was the manifestation of respiratory symptoms, regardless of type. Results: The mean age of patients was 34.7±10.5 years, and 59% were women. Most patients (62.6%) perceived their own health status as malaise and some (41.4%) self-diagnosed COVID-19. Cough (74.4%), rhinorrhea (65.6%), sore throat (38.6%) and sneezing (20.6%) were the most common infection-related symptoms. Overall, 29.4% and 16% of patients reported dyspnea and chest pain, respectively. The Roth score was calculated for a sizeable number of patients (67.6%) and was normal, moderately altered or severely altered in 83.5%, 10.7% and 5.6% of patients, respectively. The percentage of suspected COVID-19 cases was 67.6%. Of these, 75% were managed remotely and only one quarter referred for emergency assessment. Conclusion: Telemedicine assessment is associated with reclassification of patient's subjective impression, better inspection of coronavirus disease 2019 and identification of risk patients. Referral is therefore optimized to avoid inappropriate in-person assessment, and low-risk patients can be properly guided. Telemedicine should be implemented in the health care system as a cost-effective strategy for initial assessment of acute patients.
RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar as variáveis associadas ao encaminhamento à emergência após consulta de Telemedicina durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo transversal e retrospectivo, realizado entre março e maio de 2020, com amostra de 500 pacientes adultos. O critério de inclusão foi apresentação de sintomas respiratórios, independente do tipo. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 34,7±10,5 anos, e 59% eram do sexo feminino. A maioria dos pacientes (62,6%) se classificou subjetivamente como tendo um mal-estar, e alguns (41,4%) autodiagnosticaram COVID-19. Tosse (74,4%), rinorreia (65,6%), dor de garganta (38,6%) e espirros (20,6%) foram os sintomas mais comuns relacionados à infecção. Dispneia e dor torácica foram relatados por 29,4% e 16% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Foi calculado o escore de Roth de um número considerável de pacientes (67,6%), obtendo resultado normal em 83,5%, moderadamente alterado em 10,7% e grave em 5,6%. A percentagem de casos suspeitos de COVID-19 foi de 67,6%, e 75% desses foram gerenciados remotamente, com apenas um quarto sendo encaminhado para avaliação imediata na emergência. Conclusão: A avaliação da Telemedicina está associada à reclassificação da impressão subjetiva do paciente, melhor inspeção da COVI-19 e identificação de pacientes de risco. O encaminhamento é otimizado, para evitar avaliação presencial inadequada, e permite que os pacientes de baixo risco sejam orientados de forma apropriada. A Telemedicina deve ser implementada no sistema de saúde como estratégia com boa relação custo-efetividade para a avaliação inicial de pacientes agudos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Telemedicine , COVID-19/drug therapy , Referral and Consultation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Abstract Background: A significant variation in pulmonary embolism (PE) mortality trends have been documented around the world. We investigated the trends in mortality rate from PE in Brazil over a period of 21 years and its regional and gender differences. Methods: Using a nationwide database of death certificate information we searched for all cases with PE as the underlying cause of death between 1989 and 2010. Population data were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We calculated age-, gender- and region-specific mortality rates for each year, using the 2000 Brazilian population for direct standardization. Results: Over 21 years the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) fell 31% from 3.04/100,000 to 2.09/100,000. In every year between 1989 and 2010, the ASMR was higher in women than in men, but both showed a significant declining trend, from 3.10/100,000 to 2.36/100,000 and from 2.94/100,000 to 1.80/100,000, respectively. Although all country regions showed a decline in their ASMR, the largest fall in death rates was concentrated in the highest income regions of the South and Southeast Brazil. The North and Northeast regions, the lowest income areas, showed a less marked fall in death rates and no distinct change in the PE mortality rate in women. Conclusions: Our study showed a reduction in the PE mortality rate over two decades in Brazil. However, significant variation in this trend was observed amongst the five country regions and between genders, pointing to possible disparities in health care access and quality in these groups.
Resumo Fundamento: Uma significativa variação nas tendências de mortalidade por embolia pulmonar (EP) foi documentada em todo o mundo. Investigamos as tendências na taxa de mortalidade por EP no Brasil no período de 21 anos, assim como suas diferenças regionais e de gênero. Métodos: Utilizando uma base de dados nacionais de certificados de óbito, buscamos todos os casos de EP como causa básica de morte entre 1989 e 2010. Dados populacionais foram obtidos no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Calculamos as taxas de mortalidade específica por idade, gênero e região para cada ano, usando a população brasileira do ano 2000 para padronização direta. Resultados: Nos 21 anos, a taxa de mortalidade padronizada por idade (TMPI) caiu 31%, passando de 3,04/100.000 para 2,09/100.000. Em cada ano entre 1989 e 2010, a TMPI foi maior nas mulheres do que nos homens, tendo ambos mostrado uma significativa tendência decrescente, de 3,10/100.000 para 2,36/100.000 e de 2,94/100.000 para 1,80/100.000, respectivamente. Embora todas as regiões do país tenham apresentado um declínio em suas taxas de mortalidade padronizada por idade, as maiores quedas concentraram-se nas regiões de mais alta renda do Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. As regiões Norte e Nordeste, que têm as mais baixas rendas, apresentaram uma queda menos marcante nas taxas de mortalidade, sem qualquer alteração na taxa de mortalidade por EP nas mulheres. Conclusões: Nosso estudo mostrou uma redução na taxa de mortalidade por EP nas duas décadas no Brasil. Entretanto, houve uma significativa variação nessa tendência entre as cinco regiões do país e entre gêneros, indicando uma possível disparidade no acesso aos cuidados de saúde e sua qualidade nesses grupos.